Roseola is a common childhood illness caused by a viral infection. It typically triggers a high fever that usually lasts for about a week. Once the fever breaks, a child is likely to develop a distinctive skin rash that can last from a few hours to several days. Children from the ages of 6 months to 3 years are most likely to contract roseola, although it can occur rarely in older children and adults.

Two closely related viruses – human herpesvirus type 6 and type 7 – cause roseola, which is also known as roseola infantum when it occurs in children. Patients who develop roseola are contagious and may spread the virus through expelling drops of fluid into the air while talking, laughing, sneezing or coughing.

In diagnosing roseola, a physician will perform a complete physical examination and compile a thorough medical history. A blood test may be performed to confirm the presence of antibodies associated with roseola.

Roseola typically does not require special treatment, and will pass on its own. Adults rarely contract the disease and, if they do, usually develop a mild form of the illness. However, adults may transmit the virus to children.

Roseola is typically mild and most children make a quick and full recovery. Parents can help reduce the child’s fever and related symptoms by using certain physician-approved medications. Parents also can keep the child cool by applying a sponge or towel soaked in lukewarm water to the child’s body. Dehydration can be avoided by encouraging consumption of clear liquids.

However, treatment may be more difficult in children with compromised immune systems who may be at greater risk of developing severe infections.