The two main lipids that are measured with a cholesterol test are cholesterol and triglycerides. By analyzing information about these lipids, the test gives important information about someone's risk of developing heart-related conditions such as coronary artery disease. This information is used to help physicians develop a patient’s coronary risk profile. However, a normal cholesterol test does not necessarily mean that the person is at low risk of a heart-related event such as a heart attack. An abnormal cholesterol test may also help the physician diagnose conditions such as hyperthyroidism or cirrhosis of the liver.

Regardless of the results of a cholesterol test, people are strongly encouraged to get regular checkups with their physicians.