Autonomic neuropathy describes the symptoms that occur when nerves of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) have been damaged. The ANS regulates involuntary functions of the body such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion and perspiration. Although autonomic neuropathy affects the internal organs and patients may experience discomfort, the condition is rarely life-threatening.

Autonomic neuropathy often results from diabetes. Experts do not completely understand how diabetes damages nerves, but high blood sugar is believed to be a likely cause. Many other health disorders are also associated with autonomic neuropathy.

Patients with autonomic neuropathy may experience a number of symptoms related to their condition. These include a tendency to experience rapid drops in blood pressure upon standing (orthostatic hypotension), as well as urinary, cardiovascular and digestive problems. They may also develop an intolerance to heat. 

Autonomic neuropathy may be difficult to diagnose, as other conditions that cause similar symptoms must first be ruled out. Various tests may help a physician  confirm a diagnosis. In many cases, treatment of autonomic neuropathy focuses on treating the underlying disorder that is causing symptoms, such as diabetes, Parkinson’s disease or an autoimmune disorder. Medications also can treat symptoms and complications associated with autonomic neuropathy.

Autonomic neuropathy usually cannot be prevented. Nevertheless, people can take steps to reduce their vulnerability to this condition, such as controlling diabetes, exercising regularly and avoiding smoking.